Le nto intsha yipolymer enamacala amabini, eyenziwe ngemelamine , ezihlanganisa ngokwazo zibe ngamaphepha, ngokungafaniyo nazo zonke ezinye iipolymer, ezenza imixokelelwane efana nespaghetti enomlinganiselo omnye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu bezikholelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukukhuthaza iipolymers ukuba zenze amaphepha e-2D.
Isixhobo esinjalo singasetyenziselwa njengento ekhaphukhaphu, ehlala ixesha elide kwiingxenye zemoto okanye iiselfowuni, okanye njengesixhobo sokwakha iibhulorho okanye ezinye izakhiwo, uthi uMichael Strano, uProfesa weCarbon P. Dubbs we-Chemical Engineering kwi-MIT kunye nombhali ophezulu wesifundo esitsha.
“Asidli ngokucinga ukuba iiplastiki yinto onokuyisebenzisa ukuxhasa isakhiwo, kodwa ngalo mathiriyeli, unokwenza izinto ezintsha zibe luncedo,” utshilo. “Ineempawu ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye siyayivuyela loo nto.”
Abaphandi bafake izicelo zeepatenti ezimbini malunga nenkqubo abayisebenzisileyo ukuvelisa ezi zinto, abazichazayo kwiphepha elivela namhlanje kwiNdalo . I-MIT postdoc uYuwen Zeng ngumbhali ophambili wolu phando.
Imilinganiselo emibini
Iipolymers, ezibandakanya zonke iiplastiki, ziquka imixokelelwane yeebhloko zokwakha ezibizwa ngokuba zii-monomers. La matyathanga akhula ngokongeza iimolekyuli ezintsha kwiziphelo zazo. Nje ukuba zenziwe, iipolymers zinokubunjwa zibe zizinto ezinomacala amathathu, njengeebhotile zamanzi, zisebenzisa isitofu sokubumba.
Izazinzulu zePolymer kudala zicingela ukuba ukuba iipholima zinokuhendelwa ukuba zikhule zibe liphepha elinamacala amabini, kufuneka zenze imathiriyeli eyomeleleyo, ekhaphukhaphu. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi kule ntsimi yakhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukwenza amaphepha anjalo. Esinye isizathu soku kukuba ukuba i-monomer enye ijikeleza phezulu okanye ezantsi, ngaphandle kweplani yephepha elikhulayo, i-material iya kuqalisa ukwanda kwimilinganiselo emithathu kwaye isakhiwo esifana nephepha siya kulahleka.
Nangona kunjalo, kwisifundo esitsha, uStrano kunye noogxa bakhe beza nenkqubo entsha yepolymerization ebavumela ukuba bavelise iphepha elinamacala amabini elibizwa ngokuba yi-polyaramide. Kwiibhloko zokwakha ze-monomer, basebenzisa ikhompawundi ebizwa ngokuba yi-melamine, equlethe isangqa sekhabhoni kunye ne-athomu yenitrogen. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, ezi monomers zinokukhula kwimilinganiselo emibini, zenze iidiski. Ezi diski zibekwe phezu kwenye, zibanjwe kunye ngamabhondi e-hydrogen phakathi kweeleya, ezenza isakhiwo sizinze kwaye somelele.
“Endaweni yokwenza imolekyuli efana ne-spaghetti, sinokwenza i-sheet-like molecular plane, apho sifumana iimolekyuli ukuba zidibanise kunye kwimilinganiselo emibini," kusho uStrano. "Olu matshini lwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo kwisisombululo, kwaye emva kokuba sidibanise imathiriyeli, sinokujija ngokulula iifilimu ezibhityileyo ezomelele ngokungaqhelekanga."
Ngenxa yokuba izinto eziphathekayo zidibanisa kwisisombululo, zingenziwa ngobuninzi obukhulu ngokunyusa nje ubuninzi bezinto zokuqala. Abaphandi babonise ukuba banokugubungela umphezulu ngeefilimu zezinto eziphathekayo, abazibiza ngokuba yi-2DPA-1.
“Ngale nkqubela phambili, sineemolekyuli ezicwangcisiweyo eziya kuba lula ukwenza ifashoni ibe yinto eyomeleleyo, kodwa ebhityileyo kakhulu,” utshilo uStrano.
Ikhaphukhaphu kodwa yomelele
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba imodyuli entsha ye-elastic modulus - umlinganiselo wokuba angakanani amandla athathayo ukuguqula into - iphakathi kwamaxesha amane kunye namathandathu amakhulu kuneglasi ye-bulletproof. Baye bafumanisa ukuba amandla ayo okuvelisa, okanye amandla angakanani athathayo ukuphula loo nto, iphindwe kabini kunentsimbi, nangona i-material inesinye kwisithandathu kuphela sobuninzi bentsimbi.
Olunye uphawu oluphambili lwe-2DPA-1 kukuba ayingeneli kwiigesi. Ngelixa ezinye iipolymers zenziwe ngamatyathanga ajijekileyo anezikhewu ezivumela iigesi ukuba zingene, izinto ezintsha zenziwe ngeemonomers ezivaleleka kunye njenge-LEGOs, kwaye iimolekyuli azikwazi ukungena phakathi kwazo.
"Oku kunokusivumela ukuba senze iingubo ze-ultrathin ezinokuthi zithintele ngokupheleleyo amanzi okanye iigesi ukuba zingene," utshilo uStrano. "Olu hlobo lwesithintelo lunokusetyenziselwa ukukhusela isinyithi ezimotweni nakwezinye iimoto, okanye izakhiwo zentsimbi."
UStrano kunye nabafundi bakhe ngoku bafunda ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi ukuba le polima ithile ikwazi njani ukwenza amaphepha e-2D, kwaye bazama ukutshintsha ukwakheka kweemolekyuli ukuze benze ezinye iintlobo zemathiriyeli yenoveli.
Uphando luxhaswe ngemali yiZiko lezoThutho zeNanofluidic eziphuculweyo (CENT) iZiko loPhando lwe-Energy Frontier elixhaswe yi-US yeSebe lezaMandla kwi-Ofisi yeSayensi, kunye neLebhu yoPhando loMkhosi.
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