Yintoni iAerogel?

Ukuzalwa kuka-Airgel

Ngowe-1931, uKistler wawahlulahlula ulwelo kwisiqina ngokusebenzisa indlela yokomisa ngendlela enxilisayo yaze yagcina ulwakhiwo lwerhasi ekucutheni nasekuwohlokeni, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho i-airgel emhlabeni.

Inkcazo yeAirgel
I-Airgel yinto ekhaphukhaphu ye-nano-porous amorphous eqinileyo kunye ne-nanometer-scale micro-particles ehlanganiswe kunye nomnye ukwenza i-nanometer-scale-scale porous network structure kwaye izaliswe ngenani elikhulu le-gaseous dispersion media kwi-network skeleton.

I-Aerogels ayiyona nje into esebenzayo, kodwa kunye nemeko entsha. Imo ye-airgel yahluke kakhulu kwezinye iimeko zento kwiipropathi ezininzi. Inobungakanani obusisigxina kunye nokumila okufana nenye into eqinileyo, kodwa ukuxinana kwayo okubonakalayo kungasuka kubuninzi be-1 g/cm³ ukuya ku-0.001 g/cm³ (ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lomoya); ngelo xesha, ine-sponge-efana ne-porous structure, eneempawu ezininzi ze-microscopic (i-nano-scale skeleton), i-macroscopic (i-condensed matter) kunye ne-mesoscopic (i-multi-level kunye ne-fractal structure) iimpawu, ukwenza i-aerogels inezinto ezininzi ezizodwa. Ibonisa i-conductivity ephantsi kakhulu ye-thermal, i-modulus ephantsi kakhulu ye-elasticity, i-phonon rate ephantsi kakhulu, i-index ye-refractive ephantsi kakhulu, i-dielectric ephantsi rhoqo, isantya esiphantsi kakhulu sesandi, indawo ethile ephezulu, ukuxinana okubanzi kakhulu kunye nokusabalalisa isalathisi se-refractive, njl.

Ukuhlelwa kweeAerogels
Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwee-aerogels, ezigubungela phantse zonke iinkqubo eziphathekayo. Ngokubanzi, ngokwemichiza, zinokwahlulwa zibe zii-aerogels eziphilayo, ii-aerogels ze-inorganic kunye ne-composite aerogels, njl njl.

Ubume kunye nendima yeAerogels
Izazinzulu zithi ii-aerogels ziya kulitshintsha ihlabathi.

I-Airgel ibhalwe njengenye yezinto eziphezulu ze-10 ezishushu zesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe kwi-250 yephephancwadi yase-US yeSayensi. Ngomhla wama-20 ku-Agasti ka-2007, iThe Times yabika ukuba i-airgel yeyona nto iqinileyo ehlabathini ekwaziyo ukumelana nogqabhuko-dubulo lwe-1kg ye-dynamite kwaye ikugcine ngaphandle kobushushu betotshi engaphezulu kwe-1300°C. Oosonzululwazi baphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwe-airgel kuyo yonke into ukusuka kwiisuti ze-super-insulated space ukuya kwii-supercapacitors ukuya kwi-catalysts kwisizukulwana esilandelayo seerakethi zentenetya. I-Airgel ithembisa ukukhuphisana nezizukulwana zezinto ezidumileyo ezifana ne-phenolic resin ukusuka kwi-1930s, i-carbon fiber esuka kwi-1980s kunye ne-silicone ukusuka kwi-1990s.

I-Airgel idweliswe kwiGuinness Book of Records kaninzi njengeyona nto ilula emhlabeni. I-Airgel nayo ine-conductivity ephantsi kakhulu ye-thermal kunye ne-refractive index kwaye ngamaxesha angama-39 ngaphezulu kwe-insulating kuneyona micu yeglasi. I-Airgel isetyenziselwe ukufudumeza isikhululo saseRussia iMir kunye ne-US Mars Pathfinder rover, kwaye sele idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini le-aerospace.

Imbali yoPhuhliso lwe-Airgel
Ngo-1931, ii-aerogels zalungiswa okokuqala nguKistler kwiYunivesithi yaseStanford, eU.SA.
Ngo-1985, i-symposium yokuqala yee-aerogels, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ISA, yaququzelelwa yi-Institute of Physics kwiYunivesithi yaseWürzburg, eJamani.
Ngo-1993, ii-aerogels zisetyenziselwa ukugquma iisuti zasemajukujukwini, iziphekepheke kunye neziphekepheke.
Ngo-2002, i-Aspen Aerogel, inkampani ye-NASA, yasekwa ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa i-aerogels.
Ngo-2004, uphando lwe-airgel olwenziwe ngamaziko ophando asekhaya aseTshayina.
Ngo-2006, iinkampani ze-airgel zasekhaya e-China zaqala ukuphuhlisa i-aerogels.
I-2017, i-China ibhengezwe, i-GB / T 34336-201, i-Nonporous Airgel Composite Insulation Products
I-2021, iBhunga likaRhulumente likhuphe, "Isicwangciso sokuSebenza se-Carbon yokufikelela kwi-Peak ngo-2023" ngokukhawulezisa uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-carbon fiber, i-aerogel, insimbi ekhethekileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko.

Iimpawu eziphambili zeAerogels
(1) Ukukhanya okuphezulu. I-Airgel yeyona ndawo ixineneyo kwihlabathi jikelele, inoxinano olukwisinye kwisithandathu sobunzima bomoya. Uluhlu lwenguquko yoxinano ludla ngokuba yi-0.001~1g/cm³.

(2) I-porosity ephezulu kunye nommandla othile ophezulu ophezulu. I-porosity yi-80% ~ 99.9%, indawo ethile yendawo yi-200 ~ 1000m2 / g, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo be-pores yi-1 ~ 100nm.

(3) Ukufakelwa kwe-thermal ephezulu. I-aerogel's slim nano-network structure inciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusasazwa kwe-thermal excitation yendawo, kunye ne-solid-state conductivity yayo ye-thermal yi-2 ~ 3 imiyalelo yobukhulu obungaphantsi kuneyona nto ihambelana neglasi.

Umgaqo we-airgel we-thermal insulation
Ukuhanjiswa kwe-thermal okuncitshisiweyo: Inombolo engapheliyo ye-nanoparticles kwi-airgel yenza i-mesh skeleton, kwaye ukushisa kunokuhamba kuphela kunye nenani elingapheliyo le-nanoparticles. Ukuhamba kobushushu kunokuqhutywa kuphela kunye nenani elingenasiphelo le-nanoparticles, okukhokelela kwindlela ephantse ingapheli yokudlulisa ubushushu kwindawo eqinileyo. Ukutshintshwa kobushushu kwindawo eqinileyo kuyancitshiswa ukuya kwinqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu.

Ukuthintelwa koxinzelelo lobushushu : Ubungakanani obuphakathi beembobo zee-aerogels yi-20-40 nm, nto leyo incinci kunomlinganiselo oqhelekileyo weemolekyuli zegesi ezingama-69 nm, kwaye iimolekyuli zegesi ezikwimbobo zilahlekelwa ngamandla azo okuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba uxinzelelo lungabi lula.

Ukunciphisa imitha yobushushu : Iindonga zemingxuma ezenziwe zii-nanoparticles kwi-aerogels zizikhuselo ze-infrared, kwaye inani elingenamkhawulo lezikhuselo linciphisa kakhulu imitha yobushushu.

(4) I-Catalysis. Ubungakanani bamasuntswana amancinci, indawo ethile ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-airgel yenza umsebenzi kunye nokukhetha kwe-airgel catalysts ibe phezulu kakhulu kune-catalysts eqhelekileyo, kwaye izinto ezisebenzayo zinokusasazwa ngokufanayo kumthwali, kwaye inozinzo oluhle kakhulu lwe-thermal, enokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuvela kweempendulo zecala.

(5) Ukugquma isandi. Iimpawu zesantya esisezantsi sezandi ze-aerogels zenza ukuba zibe yimathiriyeli efanelekileyo yokulibaziseka kwe-acoustic okanye ubushushu obuphezulu bokugquma isandi. Uluhlu oluguquguqukayo lwe-acoustic impedance ye-airgel inkulu [103 ~ 107kg/(㎡-s)], eyona nto ifanelekileyo yokumelana ne-acoustic yokudibanisa i-ultrasonic detectors. Ukumelana ne-acoustic yee-piezoelectric ceramics ezisetyenziselwa iijeneretha ze-ultrasonic kunye ne-detectors yi-1.5 × 107kg / (㎡-s), ngelixa ukuxhathisa kwe-acoustic komoya yi-400kg / (㎡-s kuphela). Ukusebenzisa i-silicon airgel enobunzima obuyi-1/4 ubude kunye nobuninzi obumalunga ne-0.3g/cm³ njengesixhobo sokumelana ne-acoustic phakathi kwe-piezoelectric ceramics kunye nomoya unokunyusa ukuqina kwesandi nge-30dB, ukuphucula ukuhanjiswa kwamaza e-acoustic kunye nokunciphisa umlinganiselo wesignali ukuya kwingxolo kwizicelo zesixhobo.

(6) Ukusebenza kohluzo. Ii-aerogels ezenziwe nge-nanostructured zinokusetyenziswa njengodidi olutsha lwezinto ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu zokuhluza igesi. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhethekileyo bomhlaba, ii-aerogels zibhekiselwa kuzo zizazinzulu njenge "sponges super" kwaye zilungele ukuthengisa izinto ezingcolisa amanzi, ukufunxa ilothe kunye nemekyuri emanzini, zizenza zibe yeyona nto ibalaseleyo yokujongana neentlekele zendalo.

(7) Iimpawu zamehlo. I-airgel ye-SiO₂ ecocekileyo ibonakala kwaye ayinambala, kwaye isalathisi sayo se-refractive (1.006 ~ 1.06) sisondele kakhulu kumoya, oku kuthetha ukuba i-SiO₂ airgel ayinayo ilahleko yokubonisa ukukhanya kwesiganeko kwaye inokudlulisa ngokufanelekileyo ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngoko ke, ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-insulation kunye neglasi yokunciphisa ingxolo.

Ulwazi oluthe kratya okanye iPhepha leDatha yoBugcisa kunye nePhepha leDatha yoKhuseleko lweMpahla, nceda unxibelelane nathi nge-imeyile: [email protected] , okanye usithumelele ilizwi ku: +86-28-8411-1861.

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