Ukufuma okuqhutywa yilanga (i-SIE) kuthathwa njengenye yezona teknoloji zithembisayo zokunciphisa ukunqongophala kwamanzi acocekileyo ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukusebenzisa amandla elanga ngokufanelekileyo ukuvelisa amanzi amatsha. Ukongeza, ii-evaporator zelanga zineengenelo ezikhethekileyo ekuphatheni amanzi amdaka anetyuwa eqokelelweyo . Inkqubo yokufuma ivelisa iikristale zetyuwa kuphela njengemveliso engasemva, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukungabikho kolwelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqokelelwa kwetyuwa kwi-evaporator kuya kuthintela ukufunxwa kokukhanya kwaye kuchaphazele ukuphuma komphunga, ekugqibeleni kukhokelele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kokufuma kwe-evaporator okanye ukungaphumeleli kwayo.
Ukunciphisa le ngxaki, abanye abaphandi baye bacebisa isicwangciso "sokusasazwa kwetyuwa". Oko kukuthi, indlela yokujikeleza yenzelwe isisombululo sokuvumela i-ion yetyuwa ukuba ibuyele kwi-brine, ngaloo ndlela ithintele ityuwa ekukhanyeni kwi-evaporation surface, ngaloo ndlela ifezekise ukuphuphuma komphunga okuqhubekayo kunye nokuzinza. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela iya kubangela ukuba i-saline yesisombululo inyuke, kwaye ingxaki ye-crystallization yetyuwa isengaphepheki.
Esinye isisombululo sisicwangciso se "salting out". Oko kukuthi, ulwakhiwo lulawulwa ukwenzela ukuba ityuwa ikhethwe ngokukhethekileyo kwi-crystallized kwi-non-evaporation area, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa impembelelo ye-crystallization yetyuwa ekusebenzeni kokuphuma komphunga, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukuqokelelwa kwangaxeshanye kwetyuwa kunye namanzi amatsha. Nangona kunjalo, isicwangciso-qhinga “sokukhupha ityuwa” sisajongene nemingeni enzima xa sisebenza.
Okokuqala, idimensional enye yothutho lwebrine inciphisa umthamo wokufunxa, inciphisa ngokuphawulekayo izinga lokumka komphunga. Okwesibini, iqhinga le-crystallization yetyuwa lifuna ukususwa rhoqo kweekristale zetyuwa, okunzima ukuwa ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kumphezulu we-evaporator ngenxa yokubambelela ngokuqinileyo. Ukuba ityuwa egciniweyo ayisuswanga kwangethuba, ukusebenza komphunga kuya kuncitshiswa ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukongezelela, ezininzi ii-evaporators zelanga eziphezulu ezisebenza kakuhle zifuna iinkqubo zokulungiselela eziyingozi okanye ezichitha ixesha, ezifana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-vacuum ephantsi, okanye unyango olushushu oluphezulu.
Ke ngoko, ukuphuhlisa i-evaporator ehlala ixesha elide yelanga ukuze kuphunyezwe umphunga wamanzi ixesha elide, elisebenzayo, nelizinzileyo kunye nokuqokelelwa kwetyuwa ngenkqubo elula yokulungiselela i-zero liquid discharge desalination yinjongo yenzululwazi engaphunyezwanga.
Ngokusekwe kule mingeni ingentla, iqela lophando leYunivesithi yaseShandong yokuQala yezoNyango lilungiselele i-dimensional gradient graphene spiral airgel evaporator, enokufikelela kumphumo osebenzayo welanga wamanzi etyuwa akwiqondo eliphezulu kwaye iphumeze ulwelo oluyiqanda.
Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezingqongqo zee-evaporators zelanga ngokufunxwa ngokufanelekileyo kwelanga, ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwamandla, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwetyuwa kunye nozinzo lwexesha elide, uyilo lweprojekthi lugxile ikakhulu kwezi ngongoma zine ziphambili:
Gxininisa kuyilo lwesakhiwo kunye nokuphucula uzinzo lwekhemikhali
I-evaporator kufuneka ibe nesakhiwo esomeleleyo senethiwekhi kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukususwa kwetyuwa elangeni ixesha elide, okusebenzayo nokuzinzileyo. Ke ngoko, bakhethe i-melamine foam engabizi kakhulu, ethanda amanzi amaninzi, enemibhobho ephezulu kunye ne-high-resilient njengesiseko esixhasayo se-evaporator yelanga.
Emva koko baye bafunda iipropathi zoomatshini zegraphene aerogels ezinegwebu le-melamine njengamathambo kwiindlela ezininzi, kubandakanya ukucinezela, ukugoba, kunye noxinzelelo, ukuvavanya ngokubanzi iipropathi zabo zoomatshini.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ngakumbi ukuqina kwayo kunye nokuqina phantsi kweemeko zesicelo zangempela, iqela lophando lenze iimvavanyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ezinzima.
Ngokukodwa, bagoba isampuli ngokuphindaphindiweyo izihlandlo ezingama-20 emoyeni nasemanzini, bayicwilisa kwizisombululo ze-asidi kunye ne-alkaline , baze bayibeka kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokuxutywa kwe-ultrasonic.
Emva kolu vavanyo lungqongqo, abafumananga lutshintsho lubalulekileyo kwinkangeleko yesampulu kunye ne-microstructure, ebonise ngokupheleleyo ukuqina kwayo okugqwesileyo kunye nokuzinza kwesakhiwo.
Ugqaliselo ekwenzeni lula kunye nophuculo loqoqosho lweenkqubo zokuvelisa
Ukufezekisa ukulula kunye noqoqosho kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-evaporator kunye nokuphepha ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezibiza kakhulu, bayila la manyathelo alandelayo okulungiselela:
Inyathelo lokuqala kukucinezela okushushu
Ngokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yokucinezela eshushu, iqela lophando licinezele amagwebu e-melamine anobukhulu obahlukeneyo ukuze afumane ifilimu yemelamine ecinezelwe kwangaphambili enobunzima obuyi-1mm.
Ngethuba lale nkqubo, njengoko umlinganiselo wobukhulu bokuqala besampulu ukuya kubukhulu bokugqibela obucinezelweyo usanda, ubungakanani bembobo yefilimu ye-melamine ecinezelweyo bulawulwa kakuhle ukusuka kwi -150 μ m ukuya kwi-20 μ m , nto leyo eyenza isakhiwo senethiwekhi ye-gradient enemilinganiselo emithathu eyahlukileyo.
Inyathelo lesibini kukutshiza kumphezulu
Sebenzisa ibhotile yokutshiza ukuze utshize i-graphene oxide suspension ngokulinganayo kumphezulu wefilimu ye-melamine ecinezelweyo . Ukusasazwa okufanayo kwe-graphene oxide kwifilimu kufezekisiwe, nto leyo eyabeka isiseko sokunciphisa amandla elanga okulandelayo.
Isinyathelo sesithathu kukumisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric
Emva kokutshiza, babeka ifilimu ngokuthe ngqo emoyeni ukwenzela ukomisa umoya wendalo. Eli nyathelo linqanda iinkqubo zokulungiselela ezintsonkothileyo, ezithatha ixesha kunye nezitya amandla njengokumisa komkhenkce, ukomisa okugqithisileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwesinyibilikisi.
Isinyathelo sesine kukunciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga
Oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa iglasi yokukhulisa ukujonga ukukhanya kwelanga kwisampulu. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo semitha ye-ultraviolet, umbala wesampulu yomphezulu utshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kumdaka ukuya kumnyama, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba igraphene oxide incitshiswe ngempumelelo yaya kutsho kunciphiso lwegraphene oxide.
Le ndlela yokunciphisa ilanga ayilula nje ukusebenza kunye nokusingqongileyo, kodwa ayifuni ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali zokunciphisa iikhemikhali okanye iinkqubo zokunciphisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokuvelisa kunye nokungcola kwendalo.
Gxininisa ekufunxeni kakuhle kwamandla elanga kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yamandla
Ii-evaporators zelanga akufuneki zifunxe kuphela kwaye ziguqule uluhlu olubanzi lwamandla elanga kumandla obushushu, kodwa zinciphise ilahleko yamandla ebangelwa kukukhanya okusasazeka kunye nemitha ye-thermal, kwaye zibambe amandla ongezelelweyo kokusingqongileyo. Inkqubo yokuguquka komphunga kwi-interface yelanga ilawulwa yi-fluxes yamandla amathathu: igalelo lamandla elanga, imveliso yamandla e-evaporation, kunye namandla achithwa kwindalo.
Ngelishwa, ii-evaporators zelanga eziqhelekileyo ezinamacala amabini zijongene nemiba yokuchithwa kwamandla ngenxa yokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye nokusingqongileyo, okwenza kube nzima ukufikelela kwi-100% efanelekileyo yokuguqulwa kwe-solar-to-steam. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ii-evaporators zelanga ezine-dimensional ezintathu zinokwaphula umda wethiyori wesolar-to-steam uguqulo olusebenzayo.
Ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla ebangelwa kukukhanya okusasazeka kunye nemitha yobushushu kumphezulu ongaphezulu wesampulu emacala-ntathu, iqela liyile i-aerogel ene-dimensional spiral concave graphene aerogel.
Esi sakhiwo asinayo kuphela i-absorpension ephezulu kunye ne-reflection ephantsi, kodwa iindonga zaso ezisecaleni ziyakwazi ukufunxa ubushushu be-ambient kunye nobushushu obubonakaliswe ukusuka ezantsi, ngaloo ndlela kuvumela ukubuyiswa kwamandla okusebenzayo.
Gxininisa ekunyamezelweni kokunyamezela ityuwa kunye nolawulo lwecrystallization yetyuwa
Yiyo i; ngokuyila umjelo wothutho olulodwa, ukuthuthwa kwe-radial ye-brine kukhuthazwa, okukhokelela kwi-crystallization ye-directional yetyuwa. Olu yilo aluthinteli kuphela ngokufanelekileyo ityuwa ekufakeni nasekuvaleni kwi-evaporator surface, kodwa ikwaqonda ukuqokelelwa okusebenzayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetyuwa, ngaloo ndlela iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokukhupha ityuwa.
Ngokukodwa, bayila baza balungiselela isakhiwo senethiwekhi yegradient graphene esinemilinganiselo emithathu esekelwe kwifilimu enemingxuma ye-melamine ecinezelweyo . Le network yegradient graphene, enqabileyo ngaphakathi kwaye ixinene ngaphandle, inokwenza umahluko wamandla e-radial capillary, okhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwe-radial ye-brine. Njengoko umphunga uqhubeka uvela, ukuhamba kwe-radial ye-brine kwandisa uxinzelelo lwe-brine kwindawo engaphandle, okubangela ukuba ityuwa ikhanye kwicala elingaphandle endaweni yomphezulu ongaphakathi. Olu yilo luqinisekisa ukuba umphezulu ongaphakathi we-evaporator ugcina indawo eyaneleyo yokufuma, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukufuma kwelanga okusebenzayo nokuzinzileyo.
Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba i-evaporator isebenzisa yonke indawo yayo yangaphandle ye-crystallization yetyuwa, isenza indawo yekristalisation ibe nkulu kakhulu kunezinye i-evaporators ze-crystallization.
Iikristale zetyuwa ubukhulu becala zenziwe ngeekristale zetyuwa ezipakishwe ngokukhululekileyo kunye neepores ezininzi, eziluncedo ekuthuthweni kwe-brine kunye nokukhutshwa komphunga.
Ngaphaya koko, ngenxa yesiphumo sokupholisa esingumphunga, iqondo lobushushu bomgangatho wetyuwa lingaphantsi kunobushushu be-ambient. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba i-evaporator ifunxe amandla amaninzi kokusingqongileyo, iphucule ngakumbi ukusebenza komphunga.
Umthombo wenqaku: Deep Tech
Iqela lophando: Iqela loPhando leQela loPhando leYunivesithi yaseShandong yokuQala
Eli nqaku licatshulwe apha: https://www.163.com/dy/article/J1RENDEH05119734.html
Ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga ne-SINOYQX Melamine Foam, nceda usiqhagamshelane nathi ku- [email protected] okanye usithumelele ilizwi ku: +86-28-8411-1861.
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