Ngomhla wama-24 kuDisemba, ngo-2021, intlanganiso yama-32 yeKomiti eSisigxina yeNkongolo yeSizwe ye-13 yaBantu yaxoxa yaza yapasisa “uMthetho woThintelo loNgcoliseko lweNgxolo noLawulo lweRiphabhliki yaseTshayina” (emva koku ubizwa ngokuba “nguMthetho weNgxolo”), oza kuqalisa ukusebenza nge-5 kaJuni ka-2022.
Ukwandisa umda wokusetyenziswa komthetho uMthetho wangaphambili weRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina ngoThintelo noLawulo loNgcoliseko lweNgxolo lokuSingqongileyo uye waphunyezwa ukususela ngo-1997, unamanqaku angama-64 kwizahluko ezisibhozo. “Umthetho ohlaziyiweyo wokuThintelwa nokuLawulwa kweNgxolo kwiRiphabliki yaBantu baseTshayina” ulicimile igama elithi “indalo esingqongileyo” kwigama lokuqala lomthetho.
USun Youhai, usekela-sihlalo we-Environmental Resources Law Research Association of the China Law Society, umphathi weTianjin University Law School, kunye nengcali ecebisayo ekubhalweni koMthetho weNgxoxo, uthe: “Ngenxa yokuba yingxolo eyenziwa ngumntu, kungekhona ingxolo yendalo, ekufuneka ithintelwe kwaye ilawulwe kubahlali abaphazamisayo, umthetho omtsha wengxolo uchaza ngokucacileyo umthetho. Injongo yommiselo yingxolo eyenziwa ngumntu, enceda ekugxileni ekuziphatheni kongcoliseko lwengxolo olwenziwe ngumntu. Umthetho omtsha wengxolo ukwandisa ingxolo yemizi-mveliso kwingxolo eveliswa kwimisebenzi yemveliso, wonyusa ulawulo lwezixhobo zoshishino ezinokubangela ungcoliseko lwengxolo, kwaye ucacisa ukungcangcazela kokusingqongileyo. Imigangatho yolawulo kunye neemfuno zokulinganisa, njl.njl.
U-Sun Youhai uthe "uMthetho weNgxolo" uchaza ngokutsha ungcoliseko lwengxolo, kwaye icacisa ukuba "ungcoliseko lwengxolo lubhekiselele kwinto engaphaya komgangatho wokukhupha ingxolo okanye isilele ukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula ngokomthetho ukuvelisa ingxolo kunye nokuphazamisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi kunye nokufunda kwabanye", ukuze kulungiswe ezinye iingxaki. Kukho ingxaki yezikhewu zolawulo kwimithetho ekhoyo malunga nongcoliseko lwengxolo. Umthetho omtsha wengxolo ujolise kwiimeko apho kungekho migangatho yokukhupha ingxolo kwezinye iindawo ezivelisa ingxolo. Ngesiseko "sokudlula umgangatho + ophazamisayo abantu", isiganeko "sokungathathi amanyathelo okuthintela nokulawula ngokomthetho" ophazamisa ubomi obuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi kunye nokufunda kwabanye kuchazwa njengengxolo. ungcoliseko, umda wokusetyenziswa komthetho uye wandiswa ngokungqinelana nomthetho.
Gxininisa kwingxaki yengxolo yengxolo
Xa kuziwa ekuphunyezweni komthetho, umbuzo wokuqala abantu abaqhelekileyo abawukhathaleleyo ngowokuba “oku kubuchaphazela njani ubomi bam?” Ukugxila ekusombululeni ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengxolo yeyona nto iphambili kuMthetho weNgxolo.
"I-Noise Law" inemigaqo ecacileyo malunga nokuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kongcoliseko lwengxolo kwimizi-mveliso, ukuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kongcoliseko lwengxolo yokwakha, ukuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kwezithuthi kunye nongcoliseko lwengxolo yezothutho, kunye nokuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kongcoliseko lwengxolo kubomi bentlalo kwizahluko 4, 5, 6, kunye ne-7, ngokulandelanayo.
Ngokuphathelele umbandela wengxolo ye<em>square-dancing ephazamisa abantu, nto leyo exhalabisa kakhulu, iSiqendu 64 soMthetho weNgxolo sithi: “Akuvumelekanga ukusebenzisa izithethi zosasazo ezinesandi esiphakamileyo kwiindawo apho kugxininiswe kwizakhiwo ezingeva ingxolo, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko zonxunguphalo nakwiimeko ezikhethekileyo ezichazwe ngurhulumente wasekuhlaleni. njl.njl., imimiselo ekwindawo yokusebenza, ixesha, umthamo, njl.njl. yomlawuli wendawo kawonke-wonke iya kuqwalaselwa, kwaye amanyathelo asebenzayo aya kuthathwa ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwengxolo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke kufuneka ngokufanelekileyo bachaze ummandla, ixesha, kunye nomthamo wemisebenzi efana nokuzonwabisa kunye nokomelela, kwaye banokuthatha amanyathelo anjengokumisela ukubeka iliso kwingxolo ezenzekelayo kunye nezixhobo zokubonisa.
Ngokumalunga nengxaki yengxolo yengxolo kwiindawo zorhwebo ezinjengeebhari, “uMthetho weNgxolo” ufuna ngokucacileyo ukuba abaqhubi bolonwabo lwenkcubeko, ezemidlalo, ukutya kunye nezinye iindawo bathathe amanyathelo asebenzayo okuthintela nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwengxolo, nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwezandisi-lizwi kwimisebenzi yoshishino lwezorhwebo., okanye ezinye iindlela zentengiso ezisoloko zikhupha amanqanaba aphezulu okungxola.
Ngokuphathelele umba wokugquma kweenqwelo-mafutha “eziqhushumbisa iibhombu ezitratweni” nokuphazamisa abantu, iSiqendu 47 soMthetho weNgxolo siyacacisa: “Iinqwelo-mafutha ezigqumayo neempondo zeenqwelo-mafutha ziya kuthobela imimiselo karhulumente. kusetyenziswa izixhobo zokumamela iimoto, umthamo kufuneka ulawulwe ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kweenqwelo-mafutha kufuneka zilungiswe kwaye zigcinwe ukuze zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle nokuthintela ungcoliseko lwengxolo.
Ukongeza, kwiimviwo zokungena ekholejini ezizayo, iSiqendu 33 soMthetho weNgxolo (Noise Law) simisela ukuba ngexesha leziganeko ezizodwa ezifana noviwo lokungena kwizikolo eziziisekondari noviwo olumanyeneyo lokungena ezikholejini nakwiiyunivesithi, urhulumente wasekuhlaleni okanye isebe elityunjwe nguye linokubangela impembelelo yengxolo. imisebenzi, yenza ixesha kunye nezithintelo zendawo, kwaye ubhengeze kuluntu kwangaphambili.
Ukuqinisa uthintelo nolawulo lwemithombo yongcoliseko
U-Lin Canling, unjingalwazi wezomthetho wendalo esingqongileyo kwiYunivesithi yaseChina yeNzululwazi yezoPolitiko kunye noMthetho, ukholelwa ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo, ekulawuleni ungcoliseko lwengxolo, bekukho ingxaki yokugxila ekulawuleni isiphelo sokuthintela nokulawula umthombo.
“UMthetho weNgxolo” wongeze iimfuneko zokucanda imida yeendawo apho izakhiwo ezingeva ingxolo zixinaniswe; icacisa ukuba ukucwangcisa amaxwebhu ovavanyo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kufuneka kubandakanye uthintelo nolawulo longcoliseko lwengxolo; iphucula inkqubo yokunciphisa ingxolo yemveliso, kwizixhobo zoshishino ezinokubangela ungcoliseko lwengxolo, Kumatshini wokwakha kunye nezinye iimveliso, imida yengxolo iyafuneka ukuba icaciswe kwiinkcukacha zabo zobugcisa okanye imigangatho yomgangatho wemveliso; kucaciswa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezingeva ingxolo kufuneka luhambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo yoyilo lokugquma isandi lwezakhiwo zokuhlala; ukucwangciswa kunye nokuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kwengxolo yamashishini kunye nengxolo yezithuthi zongeziwe. Iimfuno, imigangatho emitsha yolawulo lokungcangcazela kokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zokulinganisa. Ukukhuthazwa kweyantlukwano kunye noLawulo oluqhelekileyo.
"NgokoMthetho weNgxolo", nayiphi na iyunithi okanye umntu unesibophelelo sokukhusela indawo ye-acoustic, kwaye kwangaxeshanye unelungelo lokufumana ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo kwe-acoustic, ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokulawula ukuthintela kunye nokulawula ungcoliseko lwengxolo.Uthe uMgwebi Omkhulu uWu Sheng.
UMthetho weNgxolo useka umthetho-siseko wolawulo lwentlalontle, wongeza izibonelelo kwimfundo yendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu; wongeza amalungiselelo ekudalweni kweendawo ezizolileyo ukukhuthaza ukudalwa kweendawo ezolileyo ezifana noluntu oluzolileyo kunye neekhareji ezizolileyo; yongeza izibonelelo ngolawulo lokuzimela ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kubantu abaphantsi Indima yemibutho ezilawulayo imisela ukuba imibutho ezilawulayo ezizimeleyo kufuneka incedise oorhulumente basekuhlaleni kunye namasebe abo afanelekileyo ukuba benze umsebenzi olungileyo ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni ungcoliseko lwengxolo, kwaye bakhokele iikomiti zabanini, imimandla yolawulo lolawulo lwepropathi ivumelane nabanye ababoneleli beenkonzo zepropathi okanye iifomula zabo. Ngokweemfuno zothintelo nolawulo longcoliseko longcoliseko lwengxolo, imibutho ezimeleyo, iikomiti zabanini, kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo zepropati bagunyaziswe ukuba batyhafise kwaye balamle ukuphazamiseka kwengxolo kubomi bentlalo.
U-Sun Youhai ukholelwa ukuba "uMthetho weNgxolo" ubandakanya imibutho ezimeleyo, imibutho yezentlalo, abaphathi beendawo zoluntu, iikomiti zabanini, abasebenzi benkonzo yepropathi, amavolontiya kunye nezinye izifundo kwimibutho ephambili yokusombulula iingxabano ezininzi, kwaye ikhuthaza ukupapashwa kunye nemfundo ngolawulo lomthetho, okulungele ukukhuthaza ulawulo kunye nokuthintela ukungcoliseka okuphindaphindiweyo kuya kuba yinkqubo entsha yokuthintela ukungcoliseka kunye nolawulo olutsha. “Iinkundla zabantu zifanele zizabalazele ukubonelela ngeenkonzo eziqinileyo neziqinisekiso zokulwa nongcoliso lwengxolo, zenze igalelo elifanelekileyo ekuphunyezweni koMthetho weNgxolo, zijike ‘imithetho ephepheni’ ibe ‘yimithetho esebenzayo’, yaye isebenzise umthetho Izixhobo ezisemthethweni zikhusela ilizwe elinoxolo nemvisiswano.” Wu Sheng uthe.
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